Short Story Writing: Article 11: Dialogue

Dialogue

Dialogue, perhaps more than any other aspect of writing, is something one has to develop a feel for, but like other aspects, observing a few simple principles can help us on the way.

Dialogue is definitely not a representation of the way people really speak. Everyday speech is full of repetition and hesitation and mundane comments which are extremely tedious when written down.

Short Story Writing: Article 11: Dialogue

"Good morning Janet, how are you?"

"Oh I'm fine thanks, how are you?"

"Not too bad thanks. Lovely weather today isn't it?" "Yes, gorgeous. Thank goodness that rain has stopped."

"Yes, I thought it would go on for ever. That's a nice dress you're wearing."

"Oh this old thing. I've had it for ages." "Did you watch any television last night?"

"Yes, I saw that film, it had that actor in it, what's his name? Oh goodness what is his name? It's on the tip of my tongue hold on a sec. . . . "

"Johnny Depp?"

"No, um, hold on a sec, it's coming . . . "

The yawning restless reader will not hold on a sec - he will abandon the story.

Dialogue should always be used to convey something important to the plot, and should be a distillation, or edited version, of real speech. It conveys the rhythm and syntax of real speech at its best, with all the roughness and redundancy pared away.

Dialogue needs to convey information to the reader, but in a way which sounds natural. For example if Janet says to Mary:

"Have you heard that John Jones is coming to work for us?"

This line conveys to us that there is a character around called John Jones with whom Janet is acquainted, and it does so in a way which sounds perfectly natural.

Don't overload dialogue with information. If you do it becomes conspicuous and sounds unnatural. For example:

"Have you heard that John Jones, the guy I met on holiday in Majorca last year but who already had a girlfriend and lived in Manchester is coming to work for us?"

Don't be reluctant, as some people seem to be, to put in 'he said', 'she said', 'said Janet', 'said John' after lines of dialogue, but on the other hand, don't put them in too often. We don't need them after every line, but we do need enough to keep us in touch with who is speaking. In a scene with only two characters they can largely be dispensed with, but with three or more characters present the reader will get lost without them. They are much less conspicuous when read than they seem while writing them.

The main objective in writing modern short story dialogue is to keep it brief and to the point. Every word must count, and it must sound natural. Listen to it as you write, and write it as the character would say it.

Copyright: Ian Mackean

http://www.literature-study-online.com/creativewriting/

Short Story Writing: Article 11: Dialogue
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Ian Mackean runs the sites http://www.literature-study-online.com, where his site on Short Story Writing can be found, and http://www.booksmadeintomovies.com. He was a short story and novel writing tutor for many years, and had many of his own stories published in literary magazines. He is the editor of The Essentials of Literature in English post-1914, ISBN 0340882689, which was published by Hodder Arnold in 2005. When not writing about literature or short story writing he is a keen amateur photographer, and has made a site of his photography at http://www.photo-zen.com

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Once Upon a Time in Africa - Stories of Wisdom and Joy (2004) By Joseph G Healey - A Review

This is a unique and intriguing book that remarkably captures the essence of African society in response to and in cooperation with Christianity, other religions, and foreign society. But this is not an academic book laden with complex and boring theories. Rather, the book contains close to 100 short stories that convey experiences of east Africans with christian missionaries from the west. Each story is unique and can convey an African parable, an abridged African story, an encounter with a group of Africans, missionary work in African schools, African response to death and dying, the extent to which Africans compete with each other relative to other world societies, the importance of Africans sharing and running together, how Africans perceive Christianity and foreign behavior, etc. Many of the stories are humorous, but the value message does not become lost. A Maasai moran wonders how great Jesus was. Relating to the Maasai aspect of recognizing greatness and manhood, the moran questions whether Jesus ever killed a lion and how many wives he had.

In a running competition, a nun wonders why the schoolgirls keep crossing the finishing line together. They tell her that they do not want to leave anyone behind, they want to finish together. Many of these stories convey African society as highly cooperative, not heavily dwelling on a person outpointing and crushing the other and taking the spotlight. Africans traditionally do not want to be separated from each other, and will work hard to stay together even when threatened by differences in religious belief. They are far less materialistic than many other societies of the world, they can achieve joy and happiness in the face of poverty and misfortune; they are generally not imbued with that western spirit of materialism, monopoly, and selfishness.

Africans believe in re-incarnation, believing that the spirit of a good person always returns to earth through a newborn, dead ancestors are guardian angels. African societies are shown to have their accounts of creation. African proverbs are numerous and tell a lot about Africans. In the book, Africans are portrayed in their homes, the gardens, in church, in prayer, in hunting, at work, etc. This is indeed a book about African joy and wisdom concisely illustrated with short significant stories, tales, proverbs, encounters and happenings.

Once Upon a Time in Africa - Stories of Wisdom and Joy (2004) By Joseph G Healey - A Review

Father Joseph Healey, who is originally from the United States and has operated in east Africa for several decades, managed to compile a gem of a book that one never gets tired of reading. Healey's extensive practical familiarlization with many African languages and ways of life made him the ideal candidate to compile this heart-warming and objective volume. More than any other text, the book illustrates joy and wisdom in the day-to-day basic lives of Africans and their response to a new world that gets smaller and smaller and becomes more connected. The contents also illustrate how people from other parts of the world practically respond to and perceive African life. The stories in this book are short, but their messages are very powerful. Lessons on Africa are conveyed through aspects of adventure, ministering, religion, folklore, prayer, stories, African culture, poetry, spirituality, and tales.

Once Upon a Time in Africa - Stories of Wisdom and Joy (2004) By Joseph G Healey - A Review
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"A Day's Wait" Short Story - A General Analysis

Regarding the plot of this short story, "A Day's Wait" by Ernest Hemingway, and to obtain a general understanding, it involved a nine-year-old child named Schatz, his father, and his doctor. Schatz believed that he is going to die when the doctor told his father that he is suffering from a fever of 102 degrees.

The story took place before 9:00 a.m. one morning when Schatz walked into his father's room looking ill and after 11:00 a.m. when his father returned from hunting and found him being uncooperative. The season is either fall or winter because of frozen ice on the ground. The story took place at Schatz's residence and appeared to be in a country other than France by all indications. Contemporary time seemed evident from the story based on various references.

Schatz being diagnosed with a 102 degree temperate started the critical stage. His knowledge of the differences in the reading of the thermometers ended the critical stage. The story concluded when he realized he is not going to die from the high temperature. He returned to a calming state thereafter and cried at every little thing of no importance.

"A Day's Wait" Short Story - A General Analysis

The structure of the story showed a very complicated process. The structural complication started when Schatz walked into his father's room and moved slowly as if he were aching and appearing to be ill. The conflict occurred when his father touched his forehead and determined that Schatz had a fever.

 The crisis started when the doctor diagnosed Schatz with a fever of 102 degrees, treated him for influenza and prescribed medication. Schatz had the impression that he will die because of a belief he experienced in France when the boys there told him temperatures over forty-four degrees caused death. The ending of the crisis occurred when his dad told him about the differences in reading a thermometer. The climax occurred when he realized that he is not going to die. The resolution period occurred when he relaxed after realizing he is not going to die, and cried about everything of little or no importance.

Schatz characterization is that of a protagonist in the story. He displayed both positive and negative characteristics. He is a very determined nine year old child with a set mind. He displayed a strong will and seemed not easily shaken from his position. He has a good memory by recalling what the boys who attended school in France had told him about individuals dying from temperature above forty-four degrees.

Schatz could also be classified as an antagonist in this story. He fought to prevent himself from overcoming his illness. He appeared to be his own worst enemy. He believed everything he heard especially the story from the boys in France. He appeared to be a snotty nose brat who would not listen to his father, and reprimand his helpers at home in his father's absence. He acted disobediently and shunned those who tried to help him.

The main movers in this story are Schatz's father who eventually calmed him down and the doctor who had diagnosed Schatz's with influenza, temperature above 102 degrees, and treated him with medication. The background people in this story are the schoolboys in France who planted the idea of death in Schatz's mind. The people at his residence who tried to help him and whom he refused to let into the room after his father went hunting with his Irish setter dog are also movers. Howard Pyle's reading from the Book of Pirates, and the unknown third party in the room with Schatz's father (presumed parent) when he first entered and looking ill also moved the story along.

The sidekicks in this story are the people Schatz's refused to let into his room after his father went hunting with his Irish setter dog. These individuals are probably servants who carried out the biddings of Schatz.

Regarding the theme, this story has several of them as follows. The first theme is "Don't believe what you hear." In this story Schatz believed what he had heard from the boys in France about a person dying when the temperate goes above forty-five degrees. He did not check out the facts, and as a result, he believed that he would die because his temperature is 102 degrees. The second theme is "Don't' give up so easily." Schatz refused to fight his illness to the end. He gave up and is awaiting death because of his belief about the higher temperature. The third is, "After the storm there must be a calm." We see Schatz reaching a state of calming down after he realized that he is not going to die. His calming down state of mind is a result of the differences in the temperature which his father explained to him after he learned about what the boys in France told his son about the temperatures above forty-five degree causing death.

The resolution occurred when Schatz returned to normal and accepted his father's opinion and explanation regarding the difference in the temperature and the thermostat. He was once again friends with everyone and his life returned to normal. This is really an interesting short story by Ernest Hemingway, which spelled out all the corresponding elements quite clearly. 

"A Day's Wait" Short Story - A General Analysis
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Joseph S. Spence, Sr. (aka "Epulaeryu Master"), is the author of "The Awakened One Poetics" (2009), which is published in seven different languages. He also co-authored two poetry books, "A Trilogy of Poetry, Prose and Thoughts for the Mind, Body and Soul" (2005), and "Trilogy Moments for the Mind, Body and Soul," (2006). He invented the Epulaeryu poetry form, which focuses on succulent cuisines. Joseph is a Goodwill Ambassador for the state of Arkansas. He has completed over twenty years of service with the U.S. Army.

[http://www.trilogypoetry.com/]

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Mommy Humor - Funny Short Story - Lying

This is a funny short story about lying. Lying is a learned skill. Some people are good at it, and others are not. Poker players can't win without being great at it. Politicians can't get elected without perfecting the art. As parents, we need to be able to detect it. The key for the liar is knowing when to make the attempt (you can get away with it) and when to show restraint. Thankfully most of our young children are really bad at it now, but I predict that unfortunately they'll get better at it as they get older. This funny short story won't help you deal with the lying, but hopefully it'll cheer you up while you're dealing with it.

We have two kids; they're around the same age (girl-9 and boy-7). They're also around the same size which becomes important when fists fly, but doesn't really come into play for the lying thing. As you no doubt have already guessed (based on your own vast experience), the most common case is a pair of fingers pointing in the opposite direction.

I know SOMEBODY did it. It's not even worth my time to ask Mommy if SHE did it because when was the last time Mommy mistakenly (or lazily) dropped a half-eaten candy cane on the carpet floor? And sure, I had a couple of drinks last night, but I don't even LIKE candy canes. No, the guilty party is definitely standing right in front of me. All I have to do is figure out who it is.

Mommy Humor - Funny Short Story - Lying

Here's the funny part: While I'm planning my next move in response to the criss-cross of accusational fingers, the guilty party fesses up!... and I can't for the life of me figure out why! Perhaps it's because both of them (or at least the guilty one) didn't take the time to ponder how even Sherlock Holmes would be at a loss at where to start. It's not out of fear; I've never even raised my voice to either of them (I'm saving that for the right moment, like for the first time one of them drinks and drives or performs some other life threatening sin of stupidity).

The punishment is minor. Pick up the candy cane and spend a minute or so rubbing the sticky carpet with a damp sponge... or if the offense was failing to put away the Wii video game you lose one day of access to the device. My best guess is that the lack of sting included in the punishment is what's helping in the perpetrator discovery phase.

The kids don't do any better in the flip-side scenario. "Who spilled food coloring all over the fireplace?" produces the two pointing fingers, but only one of them is covered in purple food coloring. It's hard to not laugh.

Another funny short story (shorter but funnier), about a year ago I went on a walk with my friend and his two kids. In the interest of his privacy I neither confirm nor deny that this friend is a relative of mine, or even that this friend exists outside of my vivid imagination. Anyway, I'm talking on my cell phone and at some point there's a commotion that catches my attention. I hear my friend say, "I'm sure he wasn't TRYING to kick you!" The boy interjects, "I WAS trying to kick her, but I missed and kicked her bike instead."

Well there you have it. They've got a lot to learn before graduating from law school. In the meantime let's be thankful for their lack of skill in the art of deception, hoping that it takes as long as possible for them to catch on. Also in the meantime it provides plenty of material for a funny short story.

DISCLAIMER: While the events described above are representative of true to life events in the life of the author, details of the story may be fuzzy or embellished for the benefit of the reader's enjoyment and for the benefit of SEO (Search Engine Optimization - the keyphrase is "funny short story"... Admit it, that's what you typed into the search box).

Mommy Humor - Funny Short Story - Lying
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Women in Short Skirts

The short skirt is a fashion trend that seems to have some degree of popularity. it is a fun and flirty fashion. This short skirt is worn on the hips and barely covers the backside, it looks quite crazy and funky but still very interesting and stylish. Wearing a short skirt is perfect for a fun night out on the town, it is very nature a very feminine piece of apparel.

The short skirt comes in many different styles and fabrics making it as fashionable today as it was 20 years ago. The short skirt looks best on teens and young women, especially those with good legs and a shapely figure. Many women like to wear a short skirt when they go to a club. While dancing in a short skirt can be fun it also attracts attention, especially from the opposite sex. dOne of the latest trends that you may have seen on celebrities is to wear the super short skirt. You can try them on before you purchase them or view them online to see what the skirt will look like.

The short skirt looks best on teens and young women, especially those with good legs and a shapely figure. Short skirts are usually worn during the hotter summer months because they are cool, allowing you're legs to breath and also allow you to get almost a complete tan of you're legs. While wearing a short skirt is a fun fashion trend, it is not appropriate to wear them to church or school. Many high schools have dress codes that dictate the minimum length of a skirt an will not allow anyone wearing a short skirt to attend.

Women in Short Skirts

Larger women can look sexy and stylish in a short skirt if their choice of skirt length is balanced. Plus Size Pencil skirt is especially suitable for those larger women that do not have a large difference between waist and hip measurement. The right choice of sexy plus size short skirt is just below the knees. It has to be said with all truth and honesty that short skirts aren't for everybody and a person with a pair of legs which are less than attractive will in fact divert attention away from their better attributes and draw them to the legs, which isn't a good thing.

When wearing short skirts, combining them with matching stockings in semi-opaque styles gives you a more professional look; sheer skin-colored and patterned hose draw undue attention to the legs. Try some colored stripes so they can match anything. Or pick your favorite colors and you'll probably find they'll match a lot of what you already have By selecting solid skirts in the neutral colors of your palette, you will have the flexibility to create combinations with all the colors that complement you. Under the skirt, the flapper wore sheer flesh-colored stockings, rolled and twisted to keep them in place without garters.

Effective skirt wearing is an art, and like any other art, there's a satisfaction in developing and improving it. Insofar as wearing a skirt is an art, however, it's significantly different from applying make-up. The art of wearing a skirt is one which continues thought our time spent cross dressing. A skirt still needs to be managed while we are sitting. The effect of sitting down without caution in modern skirts is less dramatic; but the act can expose areas we might choose to keep hidden.

Women in Short Skirts
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Home Exercises to Lose Weight Quickly - 5 Tips

Exercise is an important part of any weight loss regimen. But with busy schedules, we all want to know which exercises will help us lose the most weight quickly.

Broadly, there are two types of exercises: aerobic and strength training (or anaerobic), and each one contributes differently to weight loss. Aerobic exercise burns fat calories while you are engaged in the exercise itself. On the other hand, strength training primarily contributes to weight loss by helping to increase the speed of your resting metabolic rate (RMR), which is the number of calories your body burns while you are at rest. Your RMR actually increases (i.e., burns more calories) the more muscular your body is because it takes much more energy to maintain muscles than it does to maintain fat.

Important note: remember that muscle weighs more than fat, so some strength training exercises will make you healthier and more attractive while not necessarily contributing to weight loss. But, muscles are a "good" kind of weight and you should aim to build more muscle in order to help keep body fat at bay.

Home Exercises to Lose Weight Quickly - 5 Tips

Here are 5 tips for exercises - both aerobic and strength training - you can do at home to lose weight quickly.

Tip #1: Squats: Your buttocks and leg muscles are the largest muscles in your body. Every day in front of the mirror, put your feet at shoulder width while facing forward and squat down-and-up 10-20 times for 2 or 3 sets. This will build your leg and buttock muscles. As you build up strength, try holding 2 or 5 pound dumbbells in your hands while you work out. Be sure to warm up first, and stop if you notice any sharp pain in your knees.

Tip #2: Pushups: Pushups are a form of strength training: during a pushup your arms have to support up to 70% of your body weight. Do 2 or 3 sets of 20 pushups to build arm strength and increase your RMR.

Tip #3: Jumping jacks: Jumping jacks are an excellent whole-body aerobic workout you can do right at home. Do 4 or 5 sets of 20 jumping jacks, or as needed. Hint: if you live in an apartment or stay in a second-story bedroom, be considerate of your neighbors by going outside or doing these in a first story room.

Tip #4: Fast walking: While walking is in itself a great aerobic exercise, fast walking is even better for burning fat. Make sure you really stretch first and warm up with regular walking. Once you start your faster walking pace, try to maintain as much speed as possible for as long as you can. If you get tired, try doing intervals of fast walking followed by short periods of slower walking.

Tip #5: Stepping: Stepping is a great way to get your heart beating and to burn calories. You can use your stairs at home, but for best results I suggest buying specialized stackable step mats and stack them up to at least 15 inches (38 cm). Do 2 to 3 sets of 20 steps each to begin. Even though you may not feel like the stepping is helping, it is! This exercise will not only help you lose weight but will also help shape up your buttocks and legs.

An important element in a strategy to lose weight quickly at home is to do a combination of exercises that build muscles (strength training) while burning fat (aerobic exercises). Start a regimen of most or all of these exercises 2-3 days/week and watch the unhealthy fat melt away.

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Short Story Writing: Article 1 - Introduction

This is the first in a series of articles I shall be publishing on the subject of short story writing. I wrote the articles during many years' work as a creative writing tutor. I believe they will offer useful practical advice on technical aspect of the craft of fiction writing, and on some of the psychological aspects of writing, such as finding inspiration and overcoming writer's block. All the topics I mention are covered in greater depth on my site Short Story Writing. See the link at the foot of the page.

I began teaching, just as I began fiction writing, with a healthy scepticism about the value of guidelines in a field which is essentially creative, but after teaching hundreds of students and assessing hundreds of stories it became apparent that although every piece of work I saw, was unique, certain types of problem were appearing again and again. I began to write lessons on these subjects, and those lessons were the basis for the articles I shall publish.

I do not pretend that I can to offer an approach to story writing which will suit everyone, but my guidelines will help you to appreciate the technical issues involved in fiction writing, and to decide on the approach you want to adopt in your own work. Familiarity with these issues will also help you to analyse techniques used in any published short stories you read.

Short Story Writing: Article 1 - Introduction

Even if you find that you do not agree with some of the advice I have to offer, the articles will show you aspects of fiction writing which need to be borne in mind, and I believe they will show you the best way to learn to write fiction.

Writing for money?

Many other sources of advice on fiction writing assume that the only reason the for writing short stories is to make money, and advise would-be writers to tailor their work to suit a market before even setting pen to paper. This attitude is alien to my own approach to creative writing, which for me is primarily an art form and means of self-expression, and was alien to the approach of most of the students with whom I worked.

In fact I found that the hope of financial reward was a motivating factor for only a small minority of students. I would say the main motivation was the wish to master an art form which appealed to them, coupled with a wish to express their own perceptions and visions of life, whether based on real experience or imagination.

But everyone who attempts writing wants to bring their work up to publishable standard, and the principles of good short story writing are the same whether the motive is artistic or financial, and the guidelines I offer are relevant to all types of story.

Novel writing

The topics I shall discuss here are as relevant to novel writing as they are to short story writing. Some of the principles, such as the recommendation to stay with a single character's point of view, are not adhered to so frequently in novels as they are in short stories, but nevertheless you need to consider the question of point of view when planning a novel and my article on Point of view will show you the options available to you.

Some novels do stay rigorously with a single point of view, perhaps one of the most famous being Catcher in the Rye by J D Salinger, and my view is that novels are more compelling when presented in this way, but the majority of novels are presented from the omniscient narrator point of view.

Among my students some had stories and novels published or broadcast, and some gained recognition in writing competitions. It was always rewarding to hear about this kind of success, but the main source of satisfaction for me as a tutor was the conviction that every student I taught, whether beginners or experienced, finished the course a better writer than they were when they started. I hope this series of articles, which emerged directly from my practical work with students, will prove useful to anyone who wants to write short stories.

More articles to follow.

Ian Mackean

Short Story Writing: Article 1 - Introduction
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Ian Mackean runs the sites http://www.literature-study-online.com, where his site on Short Story Writing can be found, and http://www.booksmadeintomovies.com. He was a short story and novel writing tutor for many years, and had many of his own stories published in literary magazines. He is the editor of The Essentials of Literature in English post-1914, ISBN 0340882689, which was published by Hodder Arnold in 2005. When not writing about literature or short story writing he is a keen amateur photographer, and has made a site of his photography at http://www.photo-zen.com

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